Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
type: channel
description: The Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences (KJMHS) is a biannual, peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journal published by the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Kordofan, El-Obeid, Sudan. Established to advance the dissemination of medical knowledge and promote evidence-based healthcare practice, the journal provides a platform for researchers, clinicians, educators, and public health professionals to publish high-quality original research, review articles, case reports, and short communications in all fields of medical and health sciences.
publisher: University of Kordofan
language: en
publication name: Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
issn: 3027-5601
items: Musculoskeletal pain patterns in a group of Sudanese surgeons
items: Fetal outcomes in traditional gold mining areas, Sudan
items: Maternal and fetal outcomes of home births in Western Sudan
items: Pattern of Conjunctival Diseases in North Kordofan State
items: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Young Sudanese Female - Case Report
items: The value of ICT and Latex Serological tests in Screening for Toxoplasma gondii
items: Frequency of Hepatitis B infection among Hemodialysis Patients at Aljomih Center, ElObied, Sudan, 2024
items: Common comorbidities among tuberculosis patients in Western Sudan during the Sudan armed conflict.
items: Acardiac Twin: A Case Report
items: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Western Sudan during the armed conflict 2023-2024
items: Assessment of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio as Inflammatory Markers among Sudanese Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Kordofan state- 2024
items: Relationship Between Obesity and Hypertension among Sudanese Hypertensive Patients Attending Health Centers in El-Obeid City, North Kordofan State, West of Sudan
items: Case Report, Red Blood Cell Autoagglutination: A laboratory challenge
items: Macroscopic Normal Appendix in Patients Presented with Features Suggestive of Acute Appendicitis
items: Assessment of Quality Control Procedures at the Central Blood Bank of North Kordofan State
items: Patterns of hematological malignancies in Kordofan Oncology Center, Sudan
items: Ovarian Dysgerminoma in Pregnancy: A Case Report
items: Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Mimicking Advanced Ovarian Cancer: A Case Report
items: Screening for Rheumatic Heart diseases among high secondary school female students at El-Obeid city, Sudan
items: The External Examiners at Medical Schools: their Criteria, Duties and Roles

Musculoskeletal pain patterns in a group of Sudanese surgeons
type: item
description: Background: Surgeons frequently experience work-related musculoskeletal pain, which is a prevalent problem. This study aims to evaluate the patterns of musculoskeletal pain among a group of Sudanese surgeons. Methodology: This study utilized a cross-sectional survey design, in which 84 volunteers residing in the city of El-Obeid, located in the Northern Kordofan state, participated. We randomly selected contributors between May 2024 and June 2024, without taking into account their age or gender. Results: About 65.5% of the subjects, consisting of 75% females and 63% males, reported experiencing lower back pain. 43% of individuals reported experiencing neck pain, with 37.5% being women and 44% being men. The study found that males have a higher risk of experiencing neck pain. We calculated the relative risk (RR) to be 1.250, with a 95% confidence range (95%CI) of 0.501-3.122. A quarter of the participants, specifically 37.5% of females and 22% of males, reported experiencing shoulder pain. The likelihood of experiencing shoulder pain is slightly higher in females compared to males, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.178 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.880–1.576). Conclusion: Musculoskeletal discomfort is common among surgeons of various specialties in Sudan. The most often reported musculoskeletal pain was lower back, neck, and shoulder discomfort.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Musculoskeletal pain
  topic: keywords
subject: Surgeon
  topic: keywords
subject: Back pain
  topic: keywords
subject: Sudanese
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdulrahman Mohammed Abdulrahman Abouh
creator: Rabaah ALadawya Mohammed Salih Elbasheri Gadkreem
creator: Salma Suleiman Hassan
creator: Marwah Abdelrahman Alasha
creator: Sara Adam Mohammed Adam
creator: Galeela Abdalgader Salem
creator: Balgis Elhag Ibrahim Tager
creator: Fadwa Ismail Guma Kortukala
creator: Nada MohammedSalih Omer Adam
creator: Mohamed Mahgoub Hassan Khalifa
creator: Adam Ahmed Ishag Younis
creator: Mohamed Mergani Elkhair
creator: Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
date: 2024-06-16
publication date: 2024-06-16
starting page: 9
ending page: 14
doi: 10.70946/

Fetal outcomes in traditional gold mining areas, Sudan
type: item
description: Background: Pregnancy during heavy metal toxicology is associated with various unfavorable consequences for both the mother and the fetus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the fetal outcomes for pregnant women living in traditional gold mining areas in North Kordofan, Sudan. Methodology: The Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching Hospital in North Kordofan State, El-Obeid City, Sudan, conducted this descriptive transaction case-control study from January 2018 to December 2023. The distribution of the 270 study participants was as follows: About 135 patients from traditional gold mining areas attended El-Obeid Obs. @ Gyn. Teaching Hospital for maternity services, and another 135 from non-gold mining areas as a control. Results: The average baby weight was 2.5–3.5 kg for 98 (83.7%) of the cases and 77 (74.7%) of the controls. Most study participants had healthy babies. The study involved 85 (44%) cases and 79 (65%) controls, with NICU admission following each case. 16(12%) of the cases and 18(14%) of the controls give birth to stillborn babies; 12(9%) and 6(5%) of the controls give birth to nonviable babies; 14(11%) and 18(14%) of the controls give birth to nonviable babies; and 4(3%) and 3(2%) of the controls give birth to congenital malformed babies. Conclusion: Exposure to these elements has altered the fetal development of pregnant women in traditionally gold-mining areas in Sudan.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: pregnancy
  topic: keywords
subject: traditional gold mining
  topic: keywords
subject: fetal outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: Sudan
  topic: keywords
creator: Nawal Ali Ahmed Mohamed
creator: Manahil Shogar
creator: Hala Ibrahem
creator: Ahmed Abdelkerim Ahmed Abdallah
creator: Haitham Abdalla Ali Ismail
creator: Ahmed Amin Mohammed
creator: Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
date: 2024-06-16
publication date: 2024-06-16
starting page: 15
ending page: 23
doi: 10.70946/

Maternal and fetal outcomes of home births in Western Sudan
type: item
description: Background: In light of the ongoing Sudanese crisis, many pregnant women are having trouble getting the medical care they seek. Thus, the current study sought to evaluate the effects of home births in Western Sudan on both mothers and their newborns. Methodology: From January to December 2023, in the Obstetrics and Gynecology teaching hospital in El-Obeid, North Kordofan State, Sudan, we conducted a descriptive longitudinal investigation for this study. This study has recruited approximately 224 participants. Results: The most common maternal outcomes observed in this group of patients were postpartum hemorrhage, followed by puerperal sepsis and eclampsia, accounting for 14.3 percent, 13%, and 9 percent of cases, respectively. Fresh stillbirth accounted for the majority of cases, while macerated stillbirth, fetal distress, and birth trauma accounted for 28%, 17%, 15%, and 9% of the cases, respectively. Conclusion: Home birth is widespread in Sudan; however, it might harm the mother and baby. Postpartum hemorrhage, puerperal infection, and eclampsia are the main maternal consequences. Fresh stillbirth, macerated stillbirth, fetal distress, and delivery trauma are common fetal outcomes. Prioritize maternity and prenatal care system improvements
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: pregnancy
  topic: keywords
subject: fetal outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: home birth
  topic: keywords
subject: Sudan
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed Abdelkarim Ahmed Abdallah
creator: Nawal Ali Ahmed Mohamed
creator: Ahmed Amin Mohammed
creator: Khalid Nasralla Habeeballa Hashim
creator: Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
date: 2024-06-16
publication date: 2024-06-16
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.70946/KJMHS0101241-8

Pattern of Conjunctival Diseases in North Kordofan State
type: item
description: Background: The conjunctiva is one of the most important elements of the eye because it covers the anterior white sclera and reflects on the eyelids, providing protection and lubrication while also producing mucus, which is an important component of the tear film. It also serves as a protective barrier against germ entry into the eye and aids in immunity. It is highly vascularized and has numerous lymphatic vessels. Some conjunctival disorders are caused by trauma, such as subconjunctival hemorrhage and conjunctival tear, while others are caused by infection, such as trachoma and conjunctivitis. Methodology: The study was carried out at the Ophthalmology Emergency Department of surgery El-Obeid Teaching Hospital and Dr. Khalil's Ophthalmology Center in North Kordofan State, Sudan. It was retrospective, descriptive research. The study sample covered all conjunctival illnesses, data was drawn from the medical record of 1000 patients with varied eye conditions, 175 patients with conjunctival diseases were selected. Results: This study investigated 175 patients with conjunctival abnormalities to determine the frequency of these diseases in North Kordofan state. The findings showed that conjunctival illnesses were more common in men, with 95 out of 175 cases (54%) and 80 out of 175 (46%) being females. The male-to-female ratio was 1.2:1, and the age range of 21-33 years was the most frequent, accounting for 33%. This was followed by the age groups of 33-53 years, 10-20 years, <9 years, and beyond 54 years, with percentages of 20%, 19%, 18%, and 10%, respectively. Subconjunctival hemorrhage was the most common type of conjunctival illness, accounting for 54% of cases, followed by conjunctivitis 17%, pterygium 15%, conjunctival tear 9%, pinguecula 3%, conjunctival nevus 1%, and trachoma. Conclusion: Conjunctival disorders were prevalent in Northern Kordofan state, with the most common being subconjunctival hemorrhage, conjunctivitis, pterygium, and conjunctival tear.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: conjunctival diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: subconjunctival hemorrhage
  topic: keywords
subject: conjunctival tear
  topic: keywords
subject: trachoma
  topic: keywords
subject: North Kordofan
  topic: keywords
subject: Sudan
  topic: keywords
creator: Khalil Ali Ibraheim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
date: 2025-11-03
publication date: 2025-11-03
starting page: 43
ending page: 47
doi: 10.70946/kjmhs.2.0182025

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Young Sudanese Female - Case Report
type: item
description: Introduction: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare, reversible radio-neurological condition. It commonly presents with seizures, visual disturbances, headaches, impaired level of consciousness, and other focal neurological findings. PRES is often associated with high blood pressure and can result from various causes, including autoimmune disorders, certain medications, and eclampsia. Pathophysiologically, it is characterized by reversible vasogenic cerebral edema predominantly in the occipital and parietal lobes. We report a case of a young Sudanese female with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), presenting with generalized seizures and headache. These symptoms occurred without fever and were associated with high blood pressure. Neuro- radiological imaging findings, typical clinical presentation, and the reversibility of the condition confirmed the diagnosis of PRES. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case report of PRES in SLE patients from El Obeid, North Kordofan, Western Sudan
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Posterior reversible encephalopathy
  topic: keywords
subject: Sudanese
  topic: keywords
subject: University of Kordofan
  topic: keywords
subject: young female
  topic: keywords
subject: SLE
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohamed Ahmed Agab
creator: Khalid M. E. Eltalib
creator: Mustafa Alnur Bahr
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
date: 2025-01-07
publication date: 2025-01-07
starting page: 39
ending page: 41
doi: 10.70946/kjmhs.2.0172025

The value of ICT and Latex Serological tests in Screening for Toxoplasma gondii
type: item
description: Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular zoonotic parasite responsible for infections in various warm-blooded animals and humans. This study primarily focused on evaluating the diagnostic efficacy of ICT and latex serological methods for screening Toxoplasma gondii in North Kordofan, Sudan. Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted in El-Obeid, North Kordofan State, Sudan, from January to May 2024. A total of 260 samples were collected from women who had experienced abortions or had a previous history of such events. A blood sample was collected from each respondent to conduct serological tests, including ICT, latex, and ELISA. Results: The study involved approximately 260 women to evaluate the validity of the various techniques employed. In this research, ICT and LaTeX were compared with ELIZA as the gold standard method, yielding a positive rate of 14.6% and a negative rate of 85.4% using ICT methods. However, the results from the Latex method indicated a positivity rate of 15.8%, while the negativity rate stood at 84.2%. In ELIZA, 17.3% is positive, while 82.7% is negative. The sensitivity and specificity of the techniques employed in this study are compared with the ELISA technique, as detailed in the following tests. The sensitivity achieved through the ICT technique was 84%, while the specificity reached 100% as observed in the findings. The sensitivity and specificity obtained through the latex technique were determined to be 94% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: Both Latex and ICT demonstrate relatively better sensitivity and very good specificity, making them suitable for screening and diagnostic purposes in conflict areas.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Toxoplasma
  topic: keywords
subject: Latex
  topic: keywords
subject: ICT
  topic: keywords
subject: ELIZA
  topic: keywords
creator: Hassan Yousif Adam Regal
creator: Ahmed Abdalla AgabEldour
creator: Khansa Abdelbagi Alneel
creator: Akram Hamed Abdalla Sukar
creator: Ibrahim Mohammed Eisa
creator: Hassan Abakar
creator: Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
date: 2025-11-02
publication date: 2025-11-02
starting page: 30
ending page: 35
doi: 10.70946/kjmhs.2.0152025

Frequency of Hepatitis B infection among Hemodialysis Patients at Aljomih Center, ElObied, Sudan, 2024
type: item
description: Background and objectives: Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver due to viral infection and leads to significant morbidity and mortality. The HBV is highly infectious and the virus can be spread through vertical transmission or horizontal transmission by exposure to blood, body fluid of infected individuals. HBV infection is considered as major public health problems worldwide. This study aimed to find out Frequency of Hepatitis B infection among Hemodialysis Patients at Aljomih Center, Elobied, Sudan, 2024. Method and patients: this Descriptive cross-sectional facility- based study included all patients of hemdialysis at Aljomih center during the study period (126 patients). Results: the study showed that 8 (6.3%) of hemodialysis patients have Hepatitis B infection. Most individuals were males 97 (77.0%), and 8 (6.3%) of them were HBV positive, 29 (27%) of patient were females. The patients were classified into four age groups. Moreover, 124 (98.4%) of the patients had previous blood transfusion and 8 (6.3%) were HBsAg positive. this study elucidated that 92 (73%) of participated were hypertensive and 2 (1.58%) of them were HBsAg positive. On the other hand, 10 (7.9%) of hemodialysis patients included in this study were diabetics and all of them were HBsAg negative. Conclusion: The prevalence of hepatitis B infection among HD patient was generally high (6.3%). More effort should be done to reduce this frequency of HBV among hemodialysis patients.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hepatitis B
  topic: keywords
subject: viral infection
  topic: keywords
subject: Haemodialysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Leena A. M. Ali
creator: Abdelsalam M. H. Elfaki
creator: Ahmed A. Agab Eldour
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
date: 2025-01-07
publication date: 2025-01-07
starting page: 36
ending page: 39
doi: 10.70946/kjmhs.2.0162025

Common comorbidities among tuberculosis patients in Western Sudan during the Sudan armed conflict.
type: item
description: Background: Tuberculosis continues to be the primary cause of death from infectious diseases globally. In low- and middle-income countries, TB significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality, particularly among patients with comorbidities such as HIV infection, diabetes mellitus, smoking, depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary TB. HIV co-infection elevates the risk of progression to developed tuberculosis (TB) disease. This study evaluated comorbidity in tuberculosis among patients attending El-Obeid Teaching Hospital during the armed conflict from 2023 to 2024. Methodology: This descriptive retrospective study took place in the respiratory department of El-Obeid Teaching Hospital in North Kordofan State, Sudan. The study examined 751 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis, alongside detailed coverage files from the early years of the Sudan war. We collected the data in August 2024. We developed a thorough data collection sheet and methodically organized all pertinent data. Results: Of the 751 patients, 692 received a tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis without any comorbidities, making up 92% of the cohort. The remaining 59 patients, accounting for 8%, had TB with comorbidities: 40% with diabetes mellitus (DM), 29% with HIV, 15% with hypertension (HIN), and 7%, 6%, and 3% with chronic kidney disease (CKD), bronchial asthma, and cardiac disease, respectively. The majority of patients were over 60 years old, comprising 37% of the cohort. The majority of the patients were unemployed, and their tuberculosis treatment outcomes were complete. Conclusion: Tuberculosis (TB) with comorbidity is more prevalent in diabetic patients than in those with HIV. We recommend regular screening for chronic comorbid diseases to improve treatment outcomes and minimize complications. Additionally, promoting outpatient care is essential for improving TB management, and further surveillance is necessary to fully understand the extent of the issue.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tuberculosis
  topic: keywords
subject: comorbidity
  topic: keywords
subject: El-Obeid Teaching Hospital
  topic: keywords
subject: Sudan
  topic: keywords
creator: Amal Khalil Yousif Mohammed
creator: Eldisugi Hassan Mohammed Humida
creator: Ahmed Mirghani Osman Ali
creator: Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
date: 2025-07-07
publication date: 2025-07-07
starting page: 22
ending page: 29
doi: 10.70946/kjmhs.2.0142025

Acardiac Twin: A Case Report
type: item
description: Twin pregnancy generally represents a high-risk pregnancy, but monozygous twin pregnancy is a particular challenge for the obstetrician due to the serious complications that may occur during its evolution. A very rare, severe complication of monozygous twin pregnancy, which we recently dealt with in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the Omdurman maternity Hospital Sudan, was a monochorionic monoamniotic twin pregnancy with acardiac twin (TRAP). One of the fetuses (acardiac twin) presented as amorphous mass without any recognizable structure, being transfused by the other fetus with a normal heart (pumping twin). The understanding of these cases is mandatory in order to offer maximum survival and heath chances to the viable fetus.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Acardiac Twin
  topic: keywords
subject: A Case Report
  topic: keywords
creator: Kameel Kamal Kamil
creator: Madeeha Mohmmed Bashar
creator: Salah Eldin E. Gumaa
creator: Ahmed Abdalla Agab Eldour
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
date: 2025-01-07
publication date: 2025-01-07
starting page: 15
ending page: 21
doi: 10.70946/kjmhs.2.0132025

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Western Sudan during the armed conflict 2023-2024
type: item
description: Background: Tuberculosis represents one of the foremost infectious cause of mortality globally; the disease is endemic in Sudan and has experienced a significant increase amid the ongoing armed conflict. This study aims to investigate extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Western Sudan during the conflict period from 2023 to 2024. Methodology: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted at El-Obeid Teaching Hospital in North Kordofan State, Sudan, from August 2023 to September 2024. This was conducted on 233 patients diagnosed with extrapulmonary tuberculosis from a total of 751 patients with tuberculous infections. The study collected all data related to the patients from the hospital records during the specified period from 15 April 2023 to 15 April 2024. A total coverage of all patients diagnosed with extrapulmonary tuberculosis within the designated time frame, irrespective of any inclusion or exclusion criteria. Results: The data revealed that 65% were males and 35% were females. The most prevalent age group is > 46, followed by < 18, 26-35, and 36-45, with incidence rates of 37%, 18%, 17%, and 13%, respectively. The majority of the patients (59%) lived in urban areas, while 41% in rural areas.63% of them were married, while 35% were single. Tuberculous lymphadenitis was the most prevalent type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, followed by tuberculous pleuritis, abdominal TB, spinal TB, tuberculous pericarditis, and TB meningitis (39%, 28%, 14%, 12%, 5%, and 2%, respectively). Conclusion: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is widespread in western Sudan, with tuberculous lymphadenitis and tuberculous pleuritis being the most common manifestations of the disease. This study indicates greater values than what was previously recorded in the world. In Western Sudan the disease primarily affects middle-aged males, with the majority of cases presented beyond the 2 months period. The near-collapsed economy, the inadequately equipped health system, and the detrimental effects of t…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pulmonary tuberculosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Sudan
  topic: keywords
subject: Tuberculous lymphadenitis
  topic: keywords
subject: Tuberculous pleuritis
  topic: keywords
creator: Eldisugi Hassan Mohammed Humida
creator: Salah Mohamed Ibrahim
creator: Amal Khalil Yousif Mohammed
creator: Namarig Alhadi Hamid
creator: Ahmed Mirghani Osman Ali
creator: Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
date: 2025-01-07
publication date: 2025-01-07
starting page: 6
ending page: 14
doi: 10.70946/kjmhs.2.0122025

Assessment of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio as Inflammatory Markers among Sudanese Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Kordofan state- 2024
type: item
description: Background and Objective: Low grade chronic inflammation is one of the central pathophysiological factors in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The complete blood count is a routine, inexpensive and easy test that provides information about formed blood contents. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio )NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are simple parameters and novel inflammatory marker, which may be used in many diseases for predicting inflammation. The aim of this study is to assess the utilization of NLR And PLR as inflammatory markers in patient with CKD. Methods: A cross- sectional descriptive study including 59 participants at different stage of CKD which was conducted. CKD was assessed based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Quantitative C-reactive protein (CRP) was analyzed by a fluorescence immunochromatographic methods as the bench inflammatory marker. NLR and PLR were calculated after complete blood count was performed. Results: Based on CRP value the participants were subdivided into two groups the first is group without inflammation (CRP <1) and the second with inflammation (CRP > 1). The study revealed the mean of NLR was slightly higher (3.08) in the group that had inflammation, unlike other (2.78). while the mean PLR within normal range in two groups (inflamed = 132.5, non-inflamed = 151.7). our study was showing positive correlation between NLR and CRP (R= 0.05, P= 0.000). with regards to PLR and CRP the correlation was not significant. Conclusion: Depending of these results, it can be concluded that NLR, together with CRP, may serve as a marker of systemic low-grade inflammation in patients with CKD. Larger prospective cohort studies in various ethnic groups are required to assess the possibility of using NLR as an alternative marker for CRP in patients with CKD.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: chronic kidney disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Neutrophil /lymphocyte ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: platelet lymphocyte ratio
  topic: keywords
creator: Mawda Abdelsalam Mohamed Hamad
creator: Tarig A.M. Hamid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
date: 2025-01-07
publication date: 2025-01-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.70946/kjmhs.2.0112025

Relationship Between Obesity and Hypertension among Sudanese Hypertensive Patients Attending Health Centers in El-Obeid City, North Kordofan State, West of Sudan
type: item
description: Background: Hypertension has been recognized as the most common cardiovascular disorder and a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), chronic kidney disease, cognitive impairment and loss of vision. It is known as ‘the "silent killer" because it can be asymptomatic for many years. Obesity and/or abdominal obesity, are the main hypertensinogenic factor. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between obesity indices and hypertension among Sudanese hypertensive patients. Methodology: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in three health centers in El-Obeid city, West Sudan. Data were collected on anthropometric measurements (height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference WC) and blood pressure (BP) measurement. The data were analyzed by the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) software version 23.0. Independent sample t test, Chi-square (χ2) test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used. p value of ≤ 0.05 was taken as measure of statistical significance. Results: A total of 100 subjects, 19 males and 81 females, were voluntary enrolled in this study. The mean age was 53.05 (±8.28), the mean value of BMI was 28.21 (± 5.577), WC was 92.79 ± 11.009, SBP was 138.20 (±14.591), DBP was 85.50 (±9.252). Thirty-seven, (37%) were overweight, (33%) were obese, (25%) milled (class Ι), (6%) moderate (class ΙΙ) and (2%) severe obesity (class ΙΙΙ). Seventy-six, (76%) have central obesity (WC >102 cm for men and >88 cm for women). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between BMI and WC (p < .001), BMI and SBP (p = .045), WC and SBP (p = .026), WC and DBP (P = .001). Conclusion: Hypertensive patients had a high prevalence of overweight, obesity, abnormal/high BMI, and WC (central obesity). BMI and WC were positively correlated with BP. Lifestyle modification toward weight reduction is recommended in these patients. Additionally, obese persons must pay attention to their weight and …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Obesity
  topic: keywords
subject: Hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: Hypertensive Patients
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Centers
  topic: keywords
subject: Sudan
  topic: keywords
subject: El-Obeid
  topic: keywords
creator: Shereen Hamed
creator: Wisal Abbas
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
date: 2025-07-07
publication date: 2025-07-07
starting page: 48
ending page: 56
doi: 10.70946/KJMHS02022548-56

Case Report, Red Blood Cell Autoagglutination: A laboratory challenge
type: item
description: Introduction: Red cell agglutination or autoagglutination is a phenomenon in which red blood cells clump together, forming aggregates. It is caused by the surface of the red cells being coated with antibodies. This often occurs in cold agglutinin disease, a type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in which people produce autoantibodies (termed cold agglutinins) [1]. Sometime may develop cold agglutinins from lymphoproliferative disorders, from infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Epstein–Barr virus, or idiopathically. Cold agglutinins (CA) are monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies activated at low temperatures and lead to autoagglutination of the RBC membrane [2]. Binding of CA causes agglutination of erythrocytes and the antigen-antibody complex induces complement-mediated hemolysis. Intravascular hemolysis occurs due to direct complement mediated lysis while extravascular hemolysis is as a result of C3b coated red cell destruction by macrophages in the liver [3]. Patients show hemolytic anemia of varying degrees of severity, as well as episodes of hemoglobinuria and acrocyanosis, which arise or worsen upon exposure to low temperatures. Blood cell aggregates are counted as single cells by the automated analyzers used to run complete blood count tests [4]. This leads to a markedly decreased red blood cell count and hematocrit and markedly elevated mean cell volume and mean cell hemoglobin concentration. Red cell agglutination also interferes with routine methods for blood typing and blood compatibility testing, which rely on agglutination reactions. [5,6]
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Red Blood Cell Autoagglutination
  topic: keywords
creator: Mawda Abdelsalam Mohamed Hamad
creator: Ahmed A. Agab Eldour
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
date: 2025-07-07
publication date: 2025-07-07
starting page: 43
ending page: 47
doi: 10.70946/KJMHS02022543-47

Macroscopic Normal Appendix in Patients Presented with Features Suggestive of Acute Appendicitis
type: item
description: Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common causes of abdominal pain requiring surgical intervention. However, a subset of patients presents with classical symptoms suggestive of appendicitis, but intraoperative findings reveal a macroscopically normal appendix. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics of such cases. Methods: This prospective study included 100 patients who presented with clinical features suggestive of acute appendicitis and underwent appendectomy. Only those with macroscopically normal appendices were included. Clinical symptoms, physical signs, laboratory and radiological findings, intraoperative observations, and histopathological results were collected and analyzed. Results: Out of 100 patients 65 were females and 35 males. All of them reported right iliac fossa pain. Nausea was present in 80%, fever in 67%, and vomiting in 49%. Tenderness in the right side of the abdomen was noted in 97 patients (69 females, 28 males), while 3 patients (2 females, 1 male) presented with flank pain, anorexia, elevated white blood cell count, and negative β-hCG. Per rectal examination in these 3 patients revealed tenderness. Clinical examination showed RIF tenderness in 56% and rebound tenderness in 41%. Fever was documented in 53%. White blood cell count was elevated in 45% of patients. Ultrasound, performed in female patients only (40 cases), was non-diagnostic in all. Intraoperatively, all appendices were macroscopically normal. Thirteen females were found to have ruptured ovarian follicles. Histopathological examination revealed true appendicitis in 19 patients (13 males and 6 females), including 6 with normal white blood cell counts. Conclusion: A macroscopically normal appendix may still harbor histological evidence of inflammation. Clinical judgment should be supported by histopathology, especially in female patients, where gynecological conditions may mimic appendicitis. Improved diagnost…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Macroscopic Normal Appendix
  topic: keywords
subject: Acute Appendicitis
  topic: keywords
creator: Salah Eldin Abbas Hamza
creator: Ahmed Al-Makki
creator: Amer Abdullah Hamza
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
date: 2025-07-07
publication date: 2025-07-07
starting page: 40
ending page: 42
doi: 10.70946/KJMHS02022540-42

Assessment of Quality Control Procedures at the Central Blood Bank of North Kordofan State
type: item
description: Background: Blood banks play an important role in the health care system's blood supply, and the goal of quality control methods is to ensure that patients receive safe and efficient blood transfusions while also preventing transfusion-transmitted infections. Improved quality services, leading to safer transfusion methods and fewer unfavorable consequences. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the quality control procedures at the Central Blood Bank of North Kordofan State. Methodology: This descriptive prospective study was conducted in the central blood bank in El-Obeid, North Kordofan State, from October 2021 to March 2022. The goal of this study is to analyze quality control measures in central blood banks and to provide potential options for improving the quality of blood transfusion services in the state. Results: A total of 400 units of blood components were selected by simple random method. Packed red cell units were evaluated for CBC, pH, unit volume, and blood culture. The results showed: The packed red cells had a mean HCT of 44.1 g/dl, with less than 80% HCT. The mean values for RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC were 5.0 × 10 12 /l, 5.058 × 10 9 /l, 75.2 FL, 27.0 pg, and 28.6 g/dl, respectively. Random donor platelets had a mean yield of 5942.0×109/L, with 73% yielding less than the necessary threshold. Only three (3%) units yielded ≥5.5 × 109/L. The pH was ≥6.2 in 100% of units, with a mean of 7.0 ± 0.0. All plasma units had a volume below the norm (100%). According to the study, the mean factor VIII levels for FFP were 79.3 IU/mL. (90%) of units contain factor VIII in accordance with intended levels, while only 8% have factor VIII below desired levels. The mean fibrinogen level was determined to be 364.8 IU/mL, with 24% having normal fibrinogen levels and 71% having levels higher than the usual range of ≥150 IU/mL. For plasma, the mean PT is 15.2s, which is 55% in agreement with the standard level and 45% higher than the standard level, and the activated p…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quality Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Blood Bank
  topic: keywords
subject: North Kordofan
  topic: keywords
subject: Sudan
  topic: keywords
creator: Maha Elrsheed Bakry
creator: Ahmed Abdalla Agab Eldour
creator: Awad Eljeed Abugooda Alobied
creator: Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
date: 2025-07-07
publication date: 2025-07-07
starting page: 28
ending page: 39
doi: 10.70946/KJMHS02022528-39

Patterns of hematological malignancies in Kordofan Oncology Center, Sudan
type: item
description: Background: Hematological Malignancies (HM) incidence is uprising in developing countries with limited resources especially in Sudan. Methodology: This descriptive retrospective study was conducted by utilizing leukemia data acquired from Kordofan Oncology Center for Chemotherapy, El-Obeid, Sudan between 2016 to 2023. The study included a total of one hundred patients. Data were retrieved from the files of patients who were admitted to Kordofan Oncology center with hematological malignancies. Results: CLL is the most prevalent HM representing 61%, followed by CML accounting for 17%, then NHL which is 11%, MM 6% and HL 3%. Approximately 58% of males and 42% of females were affected with HM. Although HM were more prevalent among older individuals, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was more usually observed in those aged over 71 years, accounting for 23 out of 61 cases (36%). The majority of participants in this study were persons residing in urban areas. The majority of patients with HM were housewives, followed by self-employed individuals and farmers, accounting for 31 out of 88 (35%), 28 out of 88 (32%), and 13 out of 88 (15%) patients, respectively. Regarding staging 39% of patients were at stage 1, 27% patients stage II, 25% patients stage IV, and 9% patients at stage III. Conclusion: CLL was the dominant type of hematological malignancies observed in Kordofan Oncology Center. beside the majority of cases were observed among males, urban residents, and elder populations aged >70 years. Special focus should be given to the highly affected population. Further more detailed studies are required in the Sudan.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Leukemia
  topic: keywords
subject: Lymphoma
  topic: keywords
subject: El-Obeid
  topic: keywords
subject: Sudan
  topic: keywords
creator: Ekhlas Alrasheid Abuelfadol
creator: Mahadi Musa Mohammed Abdallah
creator: Ahmed Abdalla Agabeldour
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
date: 2025-07-07
publication date: 2025-07-07
starting page: 17
ending page: 27
doi: 10.70946/KJMHS02022517-27

Ovarian Dysgerminoma in Pregnancy: A Case Report
type: item
description: Normal pregnancy commonly takes an uneventful path. Emergency surgical intervention can be considered as a good chance to evaluate the hidden organs, which should not be missed. Ovarian pathology during pregnancy can be misdiagnosed as labour or gastrointestinal pathology. This is why in patients at reproductive age liaison with a gynaecologist is of great importance to avoid late presentation or misdiagnosis. Here we discuss a case of Ovarian Dysgerminoma in Pregnancy that was misdiagnosed as preterm labour with ascites. The case highlights the importance of considering rare conditions during pregnancy and the importance of multidisciplinary team and experts' advice.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: pregnancy
  topic: keywords
subject: misdiagnosis
  topic: keywords
subject: malignant ovarian tumours
  topic: keywords
subject: hysterectomy
  topic: keywords
subject: staging laparotomy
  topic: keywords
creator: Isam Mohamed Babbiker
creator: Mohamed Issa Ali
creator: Khadmallah Awad Abd Alwahed
creator: Maha Mohammed Babiker
creator: Omer Ahmed Elrihima
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
date: 2025-07-07
publication date: 2025-07-07
starting page: 13
ending page: 16
doi: 10.70946/KJMHS02022513-16

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Mimicking Advanced Ovarian Cancer: A Case Report
type: item
description: Ovarian cancer represents the most prevalent cancer among females globally; the delayed diagnosis of the disease results from the absence of effective screening tools. Staging laparotomy represents the standard surgical procedure for ovarian cancer. Urogenital Tuberculosis (TB) is a manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), accounting for approximately 4% of reported TB cases in India, whereas EPTB constitutes 20% of TB cases globally. Approximately 50% of patients who are HIV positive have this condition. In this report, a 55-year-old patient with suspected advanced ovarian cancer underwent staging laparotomy and received a pathological diagnosis of genital and peritoneal tuberculosis (TB).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ovarian Cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Genitourinary Tuberculosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Staging Laparotomy
  topic: keywords
creator: Nawal Ali Ahmed Mohamed
creator: Ahmed Abdelkerim Ahmed Abdallah
creator: Mohammed Adam Mohammed Ali
creator: A. A. Agabeldour
creator: Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
date: 2025-07-07
publication date: 2025-07-07
starting page: 10
ending page: 12
doi: 10.70946/KJMHS02022510-12

Screening for Rheumatic Heart diseases among high secondary school female students at El-Obeid city, Sudan
type: item
description: Background and objectives: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a significant cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in poor countries. It is a leading acquired cardiovascular disease among young people in low-income and middle-income countries and in some at-risk populations living in rich countries. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of RHD among secondary school female students at Ellobiid, north Kordofan, Sudan. Patients and method: The study took place from December 2017 through June 2018. An ethical clearance was obtained from the state ministry of health. Eight female secondary schools were randomly selected. In each school, a mobile echo machine was used to screen the students. The Participants were randomly selected. In this study, Pathological regurgitation is defined according to WHO criteria as follows: Mitral regurgitation jet equals or more than 2 cm, Aortic regurgitation jet equals or more than 1cm. Morphological criteria are defined as follows: For the mitral valve: anterior mitral valve leaflet thickness more than 3mm, chordae tendineae thickening, restricted leaflet motion, and excessive mitral valve leaflet tip motion in systole. For the aortic valve: Irregular thickening, coaptation defect, restricted leaflet motion and leaflet prolapse. For those with echo criteria of RHD, personal and demographic data were obtained. Cardiovascular system examination was made. A well-designed data sheet was formed and the data were then analyzed using SPSS version 18. Results: In this study, 760 students from 8 female secondary schools were examined by portable echo machine. In this cohort, 27 students were found to have RHD giving a prevalence of 36/1000.The mean age of the affected individuals was 15.9 years. The commonest valvular lesion seen was mild mitral regurgitation in 18 participants (66%), followed by mild aortic regurgitation then combination of mild mitral regurgitation and mild tricuspid regurgitation and mild aortic regurgita…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rheumatic Heart Disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Portable Echocardiography
  topic: keywords
creator: Khalid M.E. Altalib
creator: Khalid Yassin Mohamed Ahmed
creator: Mohamed Ahmed Agab
creator: Samoal Abdelaziz Dafalla Mohamed Salih
creator: Ahmed Abdelkerim Ahmed Abdallah
creator: Tagwa Saeed Ibrahim Badawe
creator: Samir Sayed Hassan Awad
creator: Abdelsalam M. H. Elfaki
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
date: 2025-01-07
publication date: 2025-01-07
starting page: 6
ending page: 9
doi: 10.70946/KJMHS0202256-9

The External Examiners at Medical Schools: their Criteria, Duties and Roles
type: item
description: External examiners are experienced academics in higher education. The external examiner shall provide an independent overall judgement on student performance and the quality and standard of the programme, ensuring to be fair and equitable to the regulatory bodies. The external examiner also provides feedback to the programme team and institution on the overall strengths and weaknesses through a formal report.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: External Examiners
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical Schools
  topic: keywords
subject: Criteria
  topic: keywords
creator: El Bushra Ahmed Doumi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kordofan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
date: 2025-06-17
publication date: 2025-06-17
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.70946/KJMHS0202251-5